Stomach ulcers form when digestive acids damage the lining of your stomach. Treatment may differ depending on the cause.
What is a Stomach Ulcer?
A stomach ulcer, also known as a gastric ulcer or peptic ulcer, is a sore or lesion that develops in the lining of the stomach. It can also occur in the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum) or the lower esophagus. Stomach ulcers are a type of peptic ulcer, and they can be painful and potentially serious if left untreated.
The primary cause of stomach ulcers is the erosion of the protective mucous layer that lines the stomach. This erosion can be attributed to several factors, including:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: This bacterium is a common cause of stomach ulcers. It weakens the protective mucous layer, allowing stomach acid to damage the lining.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Prolonged use of medications like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can contribute to the development of stomach ulcers by irritating the stomach lining and reducing the production of prostaglandins, which help protect the stomach.
- Excessive stomach acid production: Conditions that lead to an overproduction of stomach acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, can increase the risk of ulcers.
- Smoking: Smoking can interfere with the healing process of the stomach lining and increase stomach acid production.
- Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol can irritate and erode the stomach lining, making it more susceptible to ulcers.
Common symptoms of stomach ulcers include:
- Burning stomach pain: This pain is often felt between the chest and belly button and may be more intense when the stomach is empty.
- Nausea and vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting.
- Bloating: A feeling of fullness or bloating may occur.
- Heartburn: Stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus can cause a burning sensation.
- Loss of appetite and weight loss: Due to discomfort and other symptoms, individuals with stomach ulcers may eat less and lose weight.
If you suspect you have a stomach ulcer or are experiencing persistent abdominal pain, it’s important to seek medical attention. Diagnosis typically involves tests such as endoscopy or imaging studies, and treatment may involve medications to reduce stomach acid, antibiotics for H. pylori infection (if present), and lifestyle changes. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing complications.